نشریه فرهنگ و ادبیات عامه
پیاپی 11 (زمستان 1395)

In this paper we analyze word Order in four Persian Dialects of Khuzestan, namely Behbahani, Dezfuli, Shushtari and Hendijani, from the typological perspective. The main theoretical framework in this research is Dryer’s word order research (1992). Dabir Moghaddam (1392) has studied 24 features in his research about Iranian languages, which 19 of them are selected from Dryer (1992) and others from Dryer’s Database. In the present research, we also consider the same 24 features. The founded results are compared with the world languages and those of Europe and Asia. The data collection tool and method is a questionnaire based on the features and interviewing the native speakers of these dialects, which were Totally 30. Then, these recordings were transcribed and analyzed on the basis of the mentioned features. The typological behavior of these dialects both in comparison with the world languages and languages of Europe and Asia were studied. Broadly speaking, it was observed that these four dialects have a tendency toward VO languages and in this respect are different from the intermediate type suggested by Dabir Moghaddam (1392) in the case of Persian. It should be noted that these dialects only in 9th and 11th features behave differently and in all other features they share common behavior.

Hebrew-Persian or Judeo-Persian literature is one of the unknown literary in Iran. Although the Judeo-Persian literature on the subject is religious, But overall is in the field of folk literature. It seems that the model of the Jewish Bible, the Talmud and the Midrash is one of the reasons of this classification. According to the pattern, we could complete and compile historical and religious official narratives by Folk literature and oral sources. In this way, the folk beliefs as well as official beliefs in aforementioned sources interact with each other and therefore it forms a pattern consisting official and vulgar statements. For this reason, important oral tradition and folklore in Hebrew religious resources are important and have the value to be cited. In this study, we focus on the formation of the above pattern; because the same one is imitated in the new Hebrew-Persian sources. In these texts, official narratives are combined with Iranian or Non-Iranian folk narratives too. So, neglecting this voluminous part of Persian folk literature any other study in this realm will be incomplete.

Proverbs are the mirror of the culture of a community. The examination of proverbs on women can, therefore, help us better understand beliefs and attitudes of the speakers of a community towards women and the socio-cultural values of the same community. The aim of this paper is to describe and analyze the representation of women in Gilaki (Eshkevarat variety) proverbs. The data have been collected via a structured interview with sixty native speakers (both men and women) who were over forty five years old and barely influenced by standard Persian. Since the method of this research is descriptive-analytic, the collected data were, first, categorized and described. It is worth nothing that the proverbs were semantically classified into eighteen categories encompassed by three different representations of women which are as follows in order of frequency: a. negative representation, b. positive representation, and c. neutral representation. The distribution of theses representations were analyzed within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Feminist studies. One of the important findings is that in Gilaki (Eshkevarat variety) speaking community, gender is perceived as an ideological structure. According to the rigid hierarchical relationships of dominance and inferiority, the social group of women is considered inferior and disadvantageous that counts for nothing.

Folklore Fictions such as mystery and legends contain magical elements which have been considered since further past years among people. Whereas the metaphysical beliefs provide the psyche calm, they have approved their places despite of scientific progress. Folklore Fictions are one of the most popular features of folkloric culture which has provided the suitable bed for the collective consciousness of a nation. This study approaches two layers including; deep-structure and surface structure of fiction simultaneously. The different forms of magic appear in the surface structure, while the deep structure refers to the critical method of archetype. The findings show that 89% of magical elements appear in the fictions containing the archetype of hero’s journey. Such fictions overlap with the archetypal elements .There are either white or black magic due to archetypal heroes in such fictions, their connections are as if that shadow or the black magic make conflict for the hero and the archetype of old wisdom or white magic guide the hero, in order to remove problems. Their functions are diabolical. The different forms of magic make the elements of fiction which are respectively frequent like: the magical objects, the natural elements, the human personality, the imaginative elements and creatures, the semi-human creatures, the surrounding elements of human, the pseudo-animals, semi-animals, and Satan.

This article aims to study the aesthetics of Nakhlgardani ritual of “Abyane” village. Because of the migration of the young people from Abyane, a collection of natives is observable only in special situations as Nakhlgardani ritual. It is in such situations that we can study the life components of this culture with regard to its historical origins. This study aims to understand cultural aesthetics of Nakhlgardani ritual. To do this, we tend to answer these questions that, what are the aesthetics standards of “Abyane” culture? How these standards in Nakhlgardani ritual are used? This research has been done in field and for data collection we have applied interview, participant observation, photography, filming, oral history and historical image documents strategies.In the theoretical framework of anthropology, after analysis cultural analysis of the ritual components, we analyzed them in the whole ritual process. As the results of this research show, the main aesthetics standards of the people of Abyane are brilliance, harmony, balance and movement. Brilliant decoration in Abyane’s culture is equal to life and the separation from this decoration is equal to death. Thus, the function of the decorative art in Abyane society is creation and protection of the social life

The architectural terms are always appearing in folkloric literature. Bathing and cleanliness were also important for Iranian people. The role of bathhouse in the social relations and its appearance in the most part of folk culture make bathhouse a distinguished place between the other types of architecture.We know also that only a few numbers of historic baths were remained; because this type is very weak against demolitions. Therefore, we must have no doubt about the necessity of documentation of all anthropological aspects of bathhouses.
This study deals with the recognition, classification and analysis of baths in the Persian proverbs. This research based on a descriptive -comparative method and the analytical data were used to criticize the documents. For this respect, a number of related books and papers were reviewed and were found 134 proverbs, then they were classified by the topic and were analyzed.
The results show that more than 61 percents of proverbs are simple sentences which state the main idea as simple as possible. Only 32 proverbs have a story and only one proverb has an Arabic origin. Also most of proverbs have a witty tone, and only 10 proverbs have indecent words. Generally speaking, the social and moral issues are more important topic of discussion than the other ones. The results also show that architecture and anthropology have the same portion in the proverbs. This fact leads us to conserve them similarly.

Popular culture deals with the public perception of habits, traditions, anecdotes, beliefs, anthems, proverbs, and oral speech, having been discussed in different areas of humanities including sociology, history, psychology, literature, art and even religions. Literature is, in its technical sense, marked with folklore elements. Particular attention to literature in multidisciplinary studies is a new approach.
An itinerary is a personal account of the conditions of the cities and nations visited by a travel writer. An itinerary encompasses invaluable information by means of which the social, political and economic realities of different historical periods can be established. Moreover, it is among the most critical ways to analyze and compare various nations, being at the same time the best way to gain insights into diverse phenomena surrounding popular culture and social communications, about which little has been written in historical documents.
This research, descriptive-analytical in nature, was concerned with investigating Iran’s popular elements, popular culture and social communications (folk literature of Iran). It also focused on popular-culture-based behaviors in the eyes of the Moroccan travel writer, who traveled across Iran during the Mongol Empire. The findings indicate that folklore elements occupy an important position in Ibn Battuta’s itinerary. The appearance of these elements is mostly focused on eating habits and foods.

In study of world epic, we see the stories on the battle of father and sons. In some of them father kills his son and in another the son kills his father but some have relies on the taste of reader and tries to show their champion to be alive. The similarities in these stories ask this question that if these contents have single origin or each story is vernacular for his country. This article studies the stories of "Rostam and Sohrab" and "Koroglou and Kordouglu", the Turkish epic. Multiple similarities in these stories inspire us that the source of Korouglu and Korluglu is Firdowsi's Shahnameh. The similarity of Plot, motifs , characters , and other properties highlight this fact.